The Oklahoma Runestone, located in Heavener Runestone Park, was first discovered in the 1830s, but some believe it had been left by Viking explorers hundreds of years before.
Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation DepartmentThe mysterious runic inscriptions on the Heavener Runestone , found in the Ouachita Mountains in east Oklahoma .
Ever since she first saw the Heavener Runestone as a young lady friend , Gloria Farley was obsessed with unlock the secrets behind the symbols carve into this eastern Oklahoma wonder .
This massive , eight - symbol stone carving , measure roughly 10 foot by 12 feet , has puzzled scholars for ten . Why did these Norse - looking runes appear in this landlocked region of America , and who is responsible for for creating them ?
Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation DepartmentThe mysterious runic inscriptions on the Heavener Runestone, found in the Ouachita Mountains in east Oklahoma.
For believers like Farley , the Oklahoma Runestone essay that Vikings sailed up the Mississippi River over 1,000 years ago . For others , the Harlan Fiske Stone is an elaborated hoax with more modern bloodline .
This is the factious story of the Oklahoma Runestone .
The Astonishing Discovery Of Oklahoma’s Heavener Runestone
Courtesy of the Oklahoma Historical SocietyGloria Farley and her sons with the Oklahoma Runestone in 1971 .
The early mention of the Oklahoma Runestone come from the late 1830s when a Choctaw hunting party stumbled upon the runic letter . Since then , locals in the country mistakenly referred to the rock music as “ Indian Rock , ” believing that Native Americans made the inscription .
In 1928 , local fille Gloria Farley began her obsession with researching the inscriptions and observe their dependable origin .
Courtesy of the Oklahoma Historical SocietyGloria Farley and her sons with the Oklahoma Runestone in 1971.
“ [ Farley ] spent the majority of her adult life researching the stone , ” Amanda Garcia , Heavener Runestone Park director toldBBC . “ She journey all around the U.S. , went to Egypt and went to different places looking at different marking . ”
During her quest , Farley reached out to Smithsonian regarding the Oklahoma Runestone , and they told her that whoever wrote the inscription did so in a Scandinavian language .
The rune read “ GNOMEDAL , ” a combining of “ gnome ” and “ decalitre ” meaning “ sundial valley ” or “ monument vale . ”
Wikimedia CommonsLeif Erikson Discovers Americaby Hans Dahl.
With more pieces to the puzzle , Farley wanted to know why and how the Scandinavian script come to be there .
Unlocking The Mystery Of Vikings In America
Wikimedia CommonsLeif Erikson Discovers Americaby Hans Dahl .
With new information from the Smithsonian , Farley began contemplating whether Scandinavian Internet Explorer could have carved the rune into the Oklahoma Runestone .
The idea that Viking settler could have made it to America was not novel .
Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation DepartmentHeavener Runestone Park in southeast Oklahoma.
Many scholars consider thatLeif Erikson , a Norse explorer , managed to travel to modern - 24-hour interval Canada nearly 500 eld before Columbus and that he , in fact , is the onewho find America . Two saga from 1200 detail Erikson ’s voyage to “ Vinland , ” or New - day Newfoundland .
With this in nous , Farley did n’t think it was excessive that some Vikings may have traveled up the Mississippi .
“ I began to believe that the symbols on the stone indicated that Norsemen had visited the area before the prison term of [ Christopher ] Columbus . I renamed the rock ‘ The Heavener Runestone ’ and began my search for alike inscription in the country , ” Farley save in her bookIn Plain Sight : Old World Records in Ancient America .
FacebookParticipants in the Heavener Runestone Festival, which celebrates the area’s possible connection to Vikings.
“ If the Vikings had sail to Russia , Ireland , England , France and to the far remainder of the Mediterranean , why would it have been impossible for them to reach Oklahoma via the Mississippi River ? ” Farley questioned .
Farley believed that Vikings could have sailed along the Newfoundland seaboard , eventually reach Florida and sailing into the Gulf of Mexico .
“ The Poteau River is just a few mile from here , ” Park Manager Garcia said . “ Do n’t think about how the watercourse reckon now . Before all [ the ] man - made lake and dams , these little creek were big river and waterways back then . ”
Over time , Farley became the leading articulation of this possibility , and her strong belief only strengthened when locals find two more runestones a mile aside .
Archaeologists And Experts Weigh In On The Oklahoma Runestones
Despite Farley ’s fervent beliefs that Vikings were responsible for the inscription , other scholars and expert are n’t so sure .
“ The veracity of the Heavener stone as a Viking artefact is problematical . The lingual evidence is ambiguous , ” Lyle Tompsen , an archaeologist specializing in the Viking menses , spell in apaper about the stone .
Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation DepartmentHeavener Runestone Park in southeast Oklahoma .
Additionally , Tompsen noted that the inscriptions on the Oklahoma Runestone and the other two runic inscription nearby do not gibe Old Norse grammar and bodily structure .
In 2015 , Henrik Williams , prof in Nordic languages at the University of Uppsala in Sweden , also voice his doubts about the inscriptions ’ legitimacy , telling theSouthwest Times Record , “ All run-in have endings , back 1,000 and 500 age ago , ” in reference to the fact that the Oklahoma dedication do not have definitive endings .
“ [ The lack of ending ] is one matter we discover disturbing , ” he said .
to boot , the spoken communication on the stone seems to be something other than Old Norse in origin .
“ The inscriptions are not a Viking script , but a combination of Elder Futhark and Younger Futhark , which predates when the Vikings would have been travel , ” Dennis Peterson , an archaeologist , and handler of the Spiro Mounds Archaeological Center , put forward to BBC .
Another issue with the Oklahoma Runestone : There is no definitive layout .
“ None of the American inscriptions ever base have any kind of layout or ornamentation . That ’s another thing that does n’t really fit the pattern , ” Williams noted .
in the end , the bearing of Vikings lettering in Oklahoma is hard to believe given the sheer lack of inscriptions in places historiographer are certain Viking once populate .
“ There are no Vikings or earlier inscriptions on Iceland or Greenland , so it ’s a big leap from Sweden to Heavener . ”
With expert opinion casting doubt on Farley ’s theory , the dubiousness remain : Who inscribed the Oklahoma Runestone and why ?
The Heavener Runestone’s Legacy As A Site Of Wonder And Curiosity
“ Barring any young grounds , the stone is best considered a modern creation , ” Tompsen concluded in his paper .
By modern , Tompsen trust that the stone is likely from the nineteenth C .
“ Historical grounds from the 19th century deal both the Viking Revival , Norse immigration , and the want of archaeological evidence of Norse excursion to the Western U.S. , ” Tompsen wrote , “ powerfully suggests the stone is a nineteenth - hundred institution of a Norse immigrant ( in all probability a Swedish immigrant work at the local train depot ) . ”
Peterson agrees with Tompsen , writing to the BBC , “ It ’s a higher chance that somebody who learned sr. Futhark in school come through and get out the equivalent weight of graffiti . ”
Other hypothesis about the stone ’s line of descent include mentions of the La Salle expedition of 1687 that claimed Louisiana for France or a Swedish captain who lead German colonist to the area in the early eighteenth century .
FacebookParticipants in the Heavener Runestone Festival , which celebrates the sphere ’s possible connecter to Vikings .
The overplus of theories pull in thousands of visitant to the Oklahoma Runestone annually . From Viking fancier to enjoyers of the outdoors , many visit the website and ca n’t help but contemplate their own theories about how the lettering got there .
“ We had a gentleman from Austria , and his sole purpose to come to the U.S. was to see the runestone , ” Garcia said to the BBC .
“ When I first started here five years ago , we had around 400 people a calendar month ; now we have that many in a week . Depending on different times of the year , we could have 2,000 mass or more on a regular weekend , ” Garcia retain .
The Oklahoma Runestone ’s potential Viking connexion even inspired an one-year festival that has been fighting for the last 10 years . Vendors , re - enactors , and visitors all make the pilgrimage to the site to take part in a celebration of Vikings in America — regardless of whether it is historically accurate .
After all , though the possibility that Vikings sail to Oklahoma is slim , it would be more than enough reason to lionize .
After reading about the Heavener Runestone of Oklahoma , break the story of theRosetta Stone , the tablet that unlocked the mystery of Egyptian hieroglyphic . Then , say the most astonishingfacts about Viking story .
