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For the first time , scientists have used mind scans to get across the growth of Alzheimer ’s disease in adults with no symptoms .
The new proficiency may top to early detection and treatment of the disease , the researchers enunciate .
Until now , a definitive diagnosis ofAlzheimer ’s diseasecould only be made via an autopsy , in which a aesculapian examiner observes the extent of the spread of two rogue proteins in the mastermind associated with the disease , called beta - amyloid and tau .
For living affected role , doctors make the diagnosing of probable Alzheimer ’s disease based on observation of patients ' behaviour , memory , and writing and drawing skills , coupled with family medical history and , occasionally , brain mental imagery . [ 8 lead for Healthy Aging ]
The field of brain imaging has advanced , however . Researchers run by Dr. William Jagust , a professor at the School of Public Health at the University of California at Berkeley , developed a technique using positron emission tomography ( PET ) to more accurately assess bothbeta - amyloidand tau . Their study , published in the current issue of the journal Neuron , involved 55 grownup : five were ages 20 to 26 ; 33 were put out adults , ages 64 to 90 , all cognitively goodly ; and 15 were patients , ages 53 to 77 , who had been diagnosed with probable Alzheimer ’s dementia .
The solution of the PET imaging on these participant mirror the established stage of Alzheimer ’s disease in deceased patients , in terminal figure of register the degree of the tau protein accumulation in the brain .
Previous attempt to image the advance of Alzheimer ’s disease using PET- revealed genus Beta - amyloid but not much tau , Jagust said . And merely having beta - amyloid accrual is not equivalent to modernise Alzheimer ’s disease .
" We have made great step in understanding Alzheimer ’s disease because we can see the accumulation of amyloid in the mastermind , " Jagust told Live Science . " However , amyloid seems to be only part of the story . It correlate badly with cognitive symptoms , for example . Tau correlates better with cognitive symptoms . "
The discipline revealed that high levels of tau in the median temporal lobe , the memory marrow of the psyche , were associated with greater declines inepisodic memory , the case of memory used to code young information . The researchers examine episodic memory board by asking subjects to retrieve a list of Bible see 20 minutes earlier . Their ability to call back correlate with lower tau level .
Yet , like genus Beta - amyloid , tau accruement also appear to be natural and not needs declarative of Alzheimer ’s .
" Tau is basically present in almost every aging brain , " said Michael Schöll of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden , a visiting bookman at UC Berkeley and co - writer on the report .
So it ’s the interplay between tau and beta - amyloid that may be driving Alzheimer ’s disease , the researchers speculate .
While high level of tau in the medial temporal lobe were linked to more problem with episodic memory , the investigator saw more serious declines in overall cognitive function when tau spread outside this region to other parts of the brain , such as the neocortex . That spread appear to be get in touch to the presence of amyloid memorial tablet in the mental capacity , they said .
" Amyloid may somehow facilitate the bed cover of tau , or tau may initiate the deposit of amyloid . We do n’t know , " Jagust say . " All I can say is that when amyloid starts to show up , we startle to see tau in other contribution of the brainpower , and that is when actual trouble begin . We think that may be the beginning of diagnostic Alzheimer ’s disease . "
There ’s no cure for Alzheimer ’s , which affects an estimated 5.3 Americans , grant to the Alzheimer ’s Association . early detecting may help oneself the patient role well prepare for the disease and set about a course of medicine once the symptoms appear .
Also announced this month , the Alzheimer ’s Association has launched the Imaging Dementia — Evidence for Amyloid Scanning ( IDEAS ) Study , which hopes to recruit more than 18,000 patients with symptoms of cognitive decline for PET scan analysis . This study will not let in the PET scan for tau , however , because the technique is too new and the PET tracers for tau have not yet been approve by the FDA , Jagust explained .
Researchers at Tohoku University led by Dr. Nobuyuki Okumura also have develop a sensitive tracer for tau , as described in a paper in February in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine . Okumura allege that the tracer could work in the UC Berkeley study in an observational communications protocol and that he is hope to join forces .
